Which type of research misconduct is indicated if someone intentionally removes data points from a dataset to generate a deceptive conclusion?

The correct choice is C, which refers to falsification. This type of research misconduct occurs when an individual alters or manipulates research materials, equipment, processes, or data in a way that leads to a misleading or deceptive interpretation of the research findings. In this scenario, intentionally removing data points from a dataset to produce a particular conclusion directly alters the integrity of the data, resulting in falsified results.

Falsification is considered a serious breach of ethical standards in research because it undermines the foundational principle of honesty, which is crucial for the advancement of scientific knowledge. Researchers are expected to present their findings accurately and transparently, ensuring that their work can be replicated and verified by others in the field.

In contrast, fabrication involves inventing data or results and presenting them as if they were real, while plagiarism entails using someone else's ideas, data, or text without proper attribution. Unauthorized access refers to accessing research materials or data without permission, which does not directly relate to the manipulation of data to mislead results. Each of these forms of misconduct is important to recognize, but in the case of intentionally removing data to generate a misleading conclusion, falsification is the most appropriate classification.