Which of the following are not considered research data?

Medical records are a set of documentation that includes personal health information about individuals, typically not generated for research purposes but rather for patient care and treatment. While they can be used in research, they're subject to strict regulations related to privacy and confidentiality, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States. This makes them fundamentally different from data specifically collected for research studies.

In contrast, audio and video recordings, survey responses, and measurements or statistics are all types of research data that are intentionally gathered and managed to answer specific research questions or hypotheses. These forms of data are directly associated with research activities, making them crucial to the integrity and findings of a research project. Medical records, while they can provide valuable insights, are not collected with that primary intention in mind, categorizing them differently from the other options.