What is dual-use research?

Dual-use research refers to investigations that can have both beneficial and harmful applications. This concept is particularly significant in fields such as biology, chemistry, and technology, where the knowledge gained can be utilized for positive purposes, such as medical advancements, but can also be misapplied for harmful initiatives, such as the development of biological weapons or malicious technologies.

Understanding dual-use research is critical from an ethical standpoint because it requires researchers to consider the potential implications of their work beyond its intended purpose. This duality obligates researchers to employ responsible practices in conducting their research and disseminating findings to mitigate risks associated with misuse.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the essence of dual-use research. For instance, research conducted in different countries does not inherently possess dual-use characteristics. Similarly, requiring multiple ethical approvals pertains to compliance factors rather than the dual-use nature of the research. Lastly, focusing on different methodologies addresses aspects of research design rather than the underlying dual-purpose implications of the research outcomes.